History Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt

 Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt

Spanning many eras, the New, Middle and Old Kingdoms would see the pharaohs reach the peak of their power and culture soar. 

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For 3,000 years the Ancient Egyptian empire endured. It emerged, like so many other independent kingdoms, from the ruins of warring and fragmented fiefdoms and grew into a nation that shook North Africa and the surrounding world to its core. It became an epicentre for culture and religion, where science and magic were intertwined as one. But those golden ages, those heights of human achievement that challenged even those of Greece and Rome at their peaks, were not achieved in a day.

Before the Assyrians came, before the Persians invaded, before the Greeks conquered and the Romans annexed, the Egyptians rose and fell all by themselves. While darker periods would form between them (three in fact, known as the Intermediate Periods), the timeline of Ancient Egypt has been defined by three distinct eras: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. A time of cultural rebirth and monumental construction, it was during the Old Kingdom that iconic structures that have endured millennia were built. The Middle Kingdom was when a nation was unified and forged anew. Then the realm was aggressively expanded and culture fostered like never before in the New Kingdom.

Ancient Egypt wasn’t just an era of military conquest and expansion, it was a time of innovation too.

The Egyptians invented early forms of cosmetics, including eye makeup; they were one of the first civilisations (alongside Mesopotamia) to evolve a robust written language; they created papyrus thousands of years before the Chinese produced paper; they designed the basic calendar structure that we still use today; they can even lay claim to inventing bowling and early forms of breath mints. In short, they were a nation the like of which we’ve never seen before or again. Gods, pharaohs, pyramids, mummification, agriculture and more helped define the Ancient Egyptians as one of human history’s most fascinating civilisations.

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